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11-18-07, 08:55 AM
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#1 | Link |
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AVS Special Member
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Guide to Building a HD HTPC
Guide to Building a HD HTPC Update Notice – August 1, 2008 The guide will be updated soon (I don't know how soon  ). Meanwhile, please go to page 85 for the latest recommended systems. You will see new stuff like this feature comparison chart of the recommended microATX systemsand a new workstation recommendation This thread is a continuation of the thread Core 2 Motherboard Complete List - With Hardware Recommendations for a HD HTPC. The first 12 pages of the thread form a guide to building a HD HTPC written by me that is a revision of the original post of the past thread. Usual discussions start at page 13. Please participate in the thread for questions, answering questions, providing suggestions and information like before. _________________ Preface to the Guide ŻŻŻŻŻŻŻŻŻŻŻŻŻŻŻŻŻ This is a guide to building a HTPC (Home Theater PC). In general emphasis is on the aspect of smooth playback of HD contents (including Blu-ray Disc, HD DVD and 1080p H.264 files), hence I added "HD (High Definition)" in the title. The main parts are:
There are six appendices:
Then follow The Current Status of the Guide Recommended systems and motherboards in "Hardware Guide" and most of appendices are up to date. Many chapters in "Hardware Guide" were just transported from the previous thread and need to be updated (it was up to date as of May 2007, but is now totally out of date!). I am going to write "Assembling Guide" soon (it should be relatively easy to write). Then "Software Guide" will follow (the hardest part to write). Please be patient. Writing this guide takes an enormous amount of time and energy. A small advertisement  __________________ Contents of the Guide ŻŻŻŻŻŻŻŻŻŻŻŻŻŻŻŻŻŻ Main Part
Last edited by renethx; 06-10-09 at 03:39 PM.. |
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11-18-07, 08:56 AM
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#4 | Link |
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AVS Special Member
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______________________
2. Recommended Systems ŻŻŻŻŻŻŻŻŻŻŻŻŻŻŻŻŻŻŻŻŻŻ The purpose of this section is give a quick view of one of the best HTPC systems in various categories: microATX system (low-end and mid-range), ATX system (low-end, mid-range, high-end, premium), and Home Media Server (various storage capacities). ___________________ Peripheral Components ŻŻŻŻŻŻŻŻŻŻŻŻŻŻŻŻŻŻŻ Every HTPC needs peripheral components (input devices, optical drive, TV tuner, sound card) to be functional besides core components (CPU, motherboard, memory, graphics card, HDD, PSU and case). OS is a core part, but included here for convenience. The following is a quick list of recommended peripheral components.
 Lower-cost components  Higher-cost components Last edited by renethx; 05-17-08 at 09:24 AM.. |
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11-18-07, 08:56 AM
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#5 | Link | |
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AVS Special Member
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MicroATX System ŻŻŻŻŻŻŻŻŻŻŻŻŻŻ Low-End I The first system is a budget microATX system with integrated graphics. As the integrated graphics supports hardware HD decoding, you don't need a discrete graphics (unless you play games). System
 Remarks The case NSK2480 has a cosmetic problem: stealthed optical bay covers are absent. If your optical drive is silver or comes with a silver face plate (like the LITE-ON DH-4O1S retail box), there is no problem. Otherwise it looks pretty ugly (at least in my eyes). You may be able to find a "Silver CD/DVD Rom Faceplates Cover Computer Case Tower" at eBay. Low-End II The second system is another budget microATX system, but for the Intel platform. The motherboard comes with HDMI, DVI, VGA, S/PDIF (optical) and IEEE 1394 in the back panel at a very low price. The integrated graphics does not support hardware HD decoding, but it is good for:
System
 Mid-Range This system has a more powerful CPU and a better graphics card. System
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11-18-07, 08:56 AM
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#6 | Link |
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ATX System ŻŻŻŻŻŻŻŻŻŻ An ATX form factor system provides more expandability (more PCI/PCI Express slots) and more storage space than a microATX system. Low-End System
 Mid-Range The system is more powerful and has better features such as RAID. System
 High-End System
 Premium I The final ATX systems aim at not only HTPC but heavy gaming and workstation. System
 Premium II The second premium system is the latest AMD Spider platform conisisting of Phenom processor, 790FX chipset and Radeon HD 3800 graphics. The 790FX excels in flexibility and power consumption and even Intel X38 chipset can't compete with it. The current revision B2 of Phenom has TLB erratum and you may want to wait for the B3 revision. System
 Optional DAS (Direct Attached Storage) for Premium Systems The motherboard has a third PCI Express x16 slot (x8 electrically), you can add a RAID controller card for more storage space. For example, the following combination supports up to 16 HDDs (8 internal and 8 external).
 Last edited by renethx; 06-02-08 at 11:38 AM.. |
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11-18-07, 08:57 AM
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#7 | Link |
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Home Media Sever ŻŻŻŻŻŻŻŻŻŻŻŻŻŻŻ As more and more people are interested in home media server as a centralized storage space, I greatly expanded this section. You may need to use power adapters like below to connect lots of HDDs and fans:
The first system is a RAID system with 16 storage drives in a mid tower case. I chose components as cheap as possible, hence the RAID controller lacks XOR engine, but that should be enough for a home media server. OS can be any the RAID controller card supports: Windows XP/Vista, Windows Server 2003/2008, Linux. System
 Remarks The motherboard requirements are:
16 HDD System II The system is similar to the above, but without a RAID controller card, that will reduce the total cost. A typical OS is Windows XP/Vista (non-RAID), Windows Server 2003/2008 (non-RAID or software RAID), Windows Home Server, Linux (non-RAID or software RAID) or unRAID. System
 Remarks The motherboard requirements are:
The third system consists of a main system with 12 storage drives in either a mid tower or 4U rackmount case and an external enclosure with 12 storage drives in another case. Port multiplier (PM) is used to support storage drives. A typical OS is Windows XP/Vista (non-RAID), Windows Server 2003/2008 (non-RAID or software RAID), Windows Home Server or Linux (non-RAID or software RAID).  or  Main System
 Enclosure
 Cost of the Total System
Each of the four eSATA ports of the host bus adapter (HBA) is connected to a port multiplier (PM) that supports 5 SATA drives. On the other hand, the southbridge (SB) of the motherboard chipset supports 4 SATA ports. Each subsystem includes 2 port multipliers. Among 12 storage drives in each of the subsystems, 10 drives are connected to the two port multipliers and the rest 2 drives are connected to the southbridge.  Remarks 1) You need to modify the PSU of the enclosure so that it works without a motherboard (please read the article Power Up an ATX PSU without a Motherboard), or use 20-pin Power Supply Jump Start Connector (in this case you turn on/off the enclosure by the PSU switch). 2) The motherboard requirements are:
Last edited by renethx; 05-17-08 at 04:29 AM.. |
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11-18-07, 08:57 AM
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#8 | Link |
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40 HDD System I
HighPoint offers another PM host adapter, RocketRAID 2522, that support up to 32 hard disks with PM. By combining it with a motherboard with 8 SATA ports (e.g. ASUS P5B-VM DO), you can build a 40-HDD system cosisting of a main system with 10 storage drives and three external enclosures each with 10 storage drives. A typical OS is Windows XP/Vista (non-RAID), Windows Server 2003/2008 (non-RAID or software RAID), Windows Home Server or Linux (non-RAID or software RAID).  Main System
 Enclosure
The motherboard requirements are:
40 HDD System II This system consists of a main system that includes only the system drive in a 3U rackmount chassis and four NORCO DS-1220N 12-bay 3U rackmount enclosures. All the 10 storage drives in the main system of 40 HDD System I are now stored in one of the enclosures. The NORCO DS-1220N has basically the same internal structure as our custom-built enclosure (two port multipliers with Silicon Image SiI3726 chip) but supports hot-swapping (and hence is pricey). A typical OS is Windows XP/Vista (non-RAID), Windows Server 2003/2008 (non-RAID or software RAID), Windows Home Server or Linux (non-RAID or software RAID).  Main System
 Enclosure
 Cost of the Total System (Main System and Four Enclosures)
The motherboard requirements are:
Last edited by renethx; 05-17-08 at 04:29 AM.. |
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11-18-07, 08:57 AM
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#9 | Link |
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AVS Special Member
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____________________
3. CPU and CPU Cooler ŻŻŻŻŻŻŻŻŻŻŻŻŻŻŻŻŻŻŻŻ _____________ Selection Guide ŻŻŻŻŻŻŻŻŻŻŻŻŻ The most demanding task for a high-definition HTPC is playing (i.e. decoding) H.264 encoded movies. H.264 contents playback experience depends on:
My Picks ŻŻŻŻŻŻŻŻ Intel
FSB 1066/800MHz  FSB 1333/1066/800MHz  45 nm/65 nm Manufacturing Process  __________ CPU Cooler ŻŻŻŻŻŻŻŻŻŻ Do you need a retail CPU cooler? First I recommend you to try the stock CPU cooler and see if it is good for your system (CPU) and you (your ears). If the CPU temperature is too high (say more than 60°C) at load or you are not comfortable with the fan noise, you'd better consider a retail cooler. A major problem of using a retail cooler in a HTPC case is its height. The maximum height of the cooler should be, for example, around 134mm for the SilverStone LC16/LC17/LC18/LC20/GD01/CW01 case (H170mm including feet). In the case of a top-flow heatsink, at least a inch of the height clearance is necessary to avoid air turbulence. That means the maximum height of a top-flow cooler including fan should be about 110mm for the same SilverStone case. Of course the height of a top-flow heatsink when used for passive cooling can be larger, up to 134mm. Side-Flow Heatsink for a Desktop Case
Thermal Paste You need to apply thermal compound at the bottom of the cooler (heatsink) before attaching the cooler to the CPU. The stock cooler comes with a thermal pad and it is good enough. A retail cooler usually comes with generic thermal compound. But I recommend to use one of: Arctic Silver 5 is better in thermal conductivity but needs a care when treating it (Arctic Silver 5 should be kept away from electrical traces, pins, and leads). Follow the application instruction carefully. References Core 2 Duo L2 Cache
Last edited by renethx; 02-25-09 at 09:38 PM.. |
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11-18-07, 08:58 AM
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#10 | Link | |
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4. Motherboard ŻŻŻŻŻŻŻŻŻŻŻŻŻŻ ___________ Intel Platform ŻŻŻŻŻŻŻŻŻŻŻ The best chipset for Core 2 Duo/Quad is Intel P35 Express. So my first picks are from motherboards based on them. Several P35 motherboards support both DDR2 and DDR3 that is to assure future upgrade path or only DDR3. However the fastest DDR3 memory speed P35 can support is DDR3-1333 that provides at most the same level of performance as DDR2-1066 at triple the price, therefore there is no advantage of DDR3 over DDR2 in the P35 platform (for details, read X-bit labs – DDR3 SDRAM: Revolution or Evolution? (July 9, 2007)). Recently Intel released X38 chipset that supports dual PCI Express 2.0 x16 (supporting CrossFire) and replaces the old Intel enthusiast chipset 975X. If you are going with CrossFire or use a RAID controller card, that could be your choice. Otherwise you may want to stay with P35 as the performance advantage of X38 is very small. The NVIDIA nForce 700i Series is targeted for enthusiast SLI gamers and has plenty of PCI Express (1.0 and 2.0) lanes. If you are going to build a high-end gaming machine or even a workstation, that may be your first choice. As for IGP, Intel G33 is basically the same as P35 with a mediocre graphics, GMA 3100 (a rework of the old GMA 950; 3DMark06 ~350). G35 is equipped with more capable IGD GMA X3500 (3DMark06 ~600). NVIDIA released GeForce 7150/7000 and nForce 630i chipset. Its graphics is better than G33 (3DMark06 ~400), but it is crippled with the single-channel memory controller. None of these IGPs offers hardware decode for the latest HD contents. So you need a fast processor for HD video playback (apart from the HDCP matter). Intel IGD (G965, G33, G35) supports 7.1 Ch. 24-bit LPCM over HDMI. Currently it is the only solution to get the true HDMI audio from PC. ATX – High-End
P35 Chipset Motherboards
Last edited by renethx; 05-17-08 at 04:26 AM.. |
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11-18-07, 08:58 AM
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#11 | Link |
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AMD Platform ŻŻŻŻŻŻŻŻŻŻŻ There are many chipsets for the AMD platform. Among them NVIDIA nForce 570/590 SLI and AMD 480X/580X CrossFire are the best chipsets for discrete graphics, The AMD southbridge is still weaker than NVIDIA, though. Among the IGP solutions from NVIDIA, AMD-ATI, VIA and SiS, AMD 690G and NVIDIA GeForce 7050PV are the best. ATX – High-End
There are many low-end nForce4 (renamed to nForce 500) chipset motherboards. However audio codec is AC'97, where only 2 channels work under Windows Vista (Which Audio Codec provides Windows Vista Logo?). Some motherboards avoid AC'97 using UAA USB audio codec (Vista-ready) instead.
Last edited by renethx; 05-17-08 at 04:25 AM.. |
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11-18-07, 08:58 AM
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#12 | Link |
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5. Memory ŻŻŻŻŻŻŻŻŻ _____________ Selection Guide ŻŻŻŻŻŻŻŻŻŻŻŻŻ DDR, DDR2 and DDR3 There are three major memory specifications for the desktop PC: DDR-SDRAM (JESD79, June 2000), DDR2-SDRAM (JESD79-2, 2003), DDR3-SDRAM (JESD79-3?, to be released in mid-2007). All three adopt the DDR (double date rate) technology that enables two data transfers per clock cycle. Thus the memory (bus) clock can be expressed in two units
The primary difference between DDR and DDR2 is that DDR2-SDRAM runs its I/O (input/output) bus at twice the speed of the memory cells thus enabling higher peak throughputs and runs at a lower operating voltage 1.8V compared to DDR's 2.5V due to an improved manufacturing process. Further DDR3-SDRAM runs its bus at four times the memory cell clock and runs at 1.5V thus consuming lower power. For example, memory clock / I/O bus clock / data transfer rates is
The majority of the current desktop motherboards support only DDR2-SDRAM, so you will buy DDR2-SDRAM modules. Intel's new Bearlake chipset supports both DDR2-SDRAM and DDR3-SDRAM and a few upcoming motherboards with this chipset support DDR3-SDRAM. However DDR3-SDRAM chips are still too expensive and they won't be the mainstream standard until 2009 according to HKEPC Hardware. Speed (DDR2-553, DDR2-667 or DDR2-800) In Core 2 Duo systems, memory is connected to the CPU via the front side bus (and the memory bus) whose maximal theoretical bandwidth is 1066MT/s x 64bit/8bit = 8.533GB/s. (Pentium and Core 2's FSB is 64-bit wide.) That only equals the bandwidth of dual-channel DDR2-533 or PC2-4200: 533MT/s x 64bit/8bit x 2 (dual channel) = 8.533GB/s. (DIMMs have a 64-bit data path.) Therefore there is no big performance growth if you use memory faster than DDR2-533. This is confirmed by various benchmark tests in the AnandTech and X-bit labs articles. The story for Athlon 64 systems is slightly different. Because of the superior on-processor memory controller, AM2 has a wider memory bandwidth and its performance depends more on memory speed than Core 2 Duo. But playing movies is insensitive to memory subsystem and there won't be much performance difference even if the memory speed changes. However if you overclock your system, then your memory will run faster as the memory frequency is proportional to FSB (in the Intel platform) and you will need faster memory modules. Please read Appendix III. Calculating Memory Frequency when Overclocking to see what memory frequency is necessary when overclocking the system. In general DDR2-800 modules are recommended for mild overclocking. Size (1GB or 2GB) Under Windows XP, you won't see any system performance difference between 1GB and 2GB. If budget permits, choose 2GB. Otherwise 1GB is enough. You can add another 1GB later if necessary. You should buy two sticks of 512MB modules for 1GB or two sticks of 1GB modules for 2GB to enable the dual channel mode. Windows Vista is a different story. OS itself requires lots of memory space so that 2GB is standard. Compatibility with the motherboard You should check the hardware compatibility list of each motherboard or ask the memory manufacturer about compatibility before shopping memory modules. _______________ Recommendations ŻŻŻŻŻŻŻŻŻŻŻŻŻŻŻ There are plenty of good memory kits. I picked up only a few DDR2-800 memory kits. High-performance memory kits (targeted for overclockers) usually require higher voltage than the JEDEC specification (1.8V) and hence are compatible with a smaller number of motherboards. So I avoided this type of memory (that means there is no high-end recommendation). The source of "Compatibility" is Newegg.com customer reviews.
Memory in General
Last edited by renethx; 09-25-08 at 08:53 AM.. |
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11-18-07, 08:59 AM
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6. Graphics Card ŻŻŻŻŻŻŻŻŻŻŻŻŻŻ _____________ Selection Guide ŻŻŻŻŻŻŻŻŻŻŻŻŻ The most important criteria for choosing a video card for HTPC are:
Unfortunately HDMI audio has not been realized yet in the PC world and we are still confined to S/PDIF. As a matter of facts, every HDMI video card simply passes S/PDIF signals from a sound card or onboard audio codec over the HDMI connector. Thus there is no real advantage of the current HDMI solution over the existing DVI + S/PDIF solution. Recent IGPs (ATI Radeon Xpress 1250 for Intel and AMD 690G) are no exception. Right now the only way to take the full-rate lossless multichannel sounds from the PC is use analog outputs.  The upcoming ATI HD 2000 series GPU has a built-in audio controller that makes it possible to grab audio outputs directly through the PCI Express bus, but the audio quality is still at the level of S/PDIF. The following figure shows the ideal HDMI audio solution we are waiting for that transmits lossless full-bitrate multichannel PCM audio streams.  ___________ NVIDIA Cards ŻŻŻŻŻŻŻŻŻŻŻ PureVideo HD NVIDIA's second generation PureVideo HD engine provides 100% offload for H.264 decoding. That means that any decent PC with a video card with this engine can play back HD contents smoothly. The new engine consists of
However there is no big difference in the CPU usage in decoding VC-1 between the original PureVideo HD engine and the reworked PureVideo HD engine as the bitstream processor is not for VC-1. This is the video part. None of the NVIDIA cards is able to transmit 7.1 LPCM audio through its HDMI connector. Cards The second generation PureVideo HD is implemented in GeForce 8600 and 8500 series GPUs, but right now supported only under for Windows Vista. PureVideo HD support for the 8500 and 8600 GPUs under Windows XP is expected in June 2007. Here are brief specs:
My Picks So which GPU should you choose? As for HD contents playback, there is not much difference between 8600 GTS, 8600GT and 8500 GT as seen in the HARDSPELL article DX10 is universalizing: G86/G84 complete test!. Unfortunately there are only a couple of 8600 GT / 8500 GT cards that support HDCP. There are noticeable differences between them for gaming, however. My picks are:
ATI Cards ŻŻŻŻŻŻŻŻ Avivo HD Technology ATI's new Avivo HD Technology, the successor to the Avivo Technology, integrates two new engines:
Another striking feature of the new ATI cards is a built-in audio controller that grabs audio output through the PCI Express bus and transmits it through HDMI. Unfortunately it supports only Dolby Digital 5.1, DTS and 32kHz, 44.1kHz, 48kHz/16-bit PCM stereo. Although it is a step forward toward the true HDMI audio, practically there is no advantage over the current S/PDIF passthrough solution. Cards Originally ATI planned to implement the UVD in X1xxx series GPU, but it did not happen. The upcoming ATI Radeon HD 2600/2400 GPUs (to be released in July 2007) integrate the Avivo HD Technology:
The upcoming IGP (Q1 2008)
References Video Playback
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11-18-07, 08:59 AM
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8. HDD ŻŻŻŻŻŻ _____________ Selection Guide ŻŻŻŻŻŻŻŻŻŻŻŻŻ Factors to consider when selecting a HDD, besides capacity, are performance, noise and heat dissipation, reliability and warranty period. I picked some of recent models in each drive capacity, in particular from the viewpoint of low noise and low heat dissipation. Currently a 500GB drive is the sweet spot and good for the single drive setup (possibly with a partition for OS and the other partition for data). _______________ Recommendations ŻŻŻŻŻŻŻŻŻŻŻŻŻŻŻ 160GB
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11-18-07, 08:59 AM
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#16 | Link |
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9. Optical Drive ŻŻŻŻŻŻŻŻŻŻŻŻŻ ________________ Blu-ray Disc Writer ŻŻŻŻŻŻŻŻŻŻŻŻŻŻŻŻ Internal
Blu-ray Disc ROM Drive ŻŻŻŻŻŻŻŻŻŻŻŻŻŻŻŻŻŻŻ Internal
Last edited by renethx; 05-17-08 at 04:22 AM.. |
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11-18-07, 09:00 AM
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#17 | Link |
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___________
10. TV Tuner ŻŻŻŻŻŻŻŻŻŻŻ Here is a quick list of TV tuners as many people are asking it. First I would like to mention a caveat. What you can do and what you cannot do with a TV tuner You can do:
You cannot do:
___ List ŻŻŻ TV Tuner All the models below support clear QAM. Among them only Silicondust HDHomeRun and AVerMedia AVerTV Combo PCIe are supported by Vista Media Center as far as clear QAM is concerned, the others need its own application.
General
Last edited by renethx; 05-17-08 at 04:21 AM.. |
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11-18-07, 09:00 AM
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#18 | Link |
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11. PSU ŻŻŻŻŻŻŻ _____________ Selection Guide ŻŻŻŻŻŻŻŻŻŻŻŻŻ There are several important factors to consider when selecting a power supply unit: total power output, +12V line output (combined), quality and efficiency, quietness. Total power output First you should calculate the total power consumption of your system by using, for example, eXtreme PSU Calculator. A typical maximum power consumption of each component is:
Total power output of an overclocked system When you overclock the CPU, its power consumption is calculated by the following formula:
For example, if you overclock Core 2 Duo E6600 (2.4GHz, 1.25V, 65W) to 3.2GHz with Vcore 1.45V, then the power consumption is calculated as follows: 65W x (1.45/1.25)^2 x (3.2/2.4) = 117W Quietness and efficiency Quietness is one of the essential factors in selecting PSU for a HTPC and higher efficiency is the key to cooler, quieter PSU operation. There are many "quiet" PSU's, but only a few of them are truly quiet. In the following recommendations, I cited efficiency and noise levels measured by Silent PC Review. Please read the SPCR articles in the reference section for their meanings. _______________ Recommendations ŻŻŻŻŻŻŻŻŻŻŻŻŻŻŻ High-End
Last edited by renethx; 06-01-08 at 07:43 AM.. |
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11-18-07, 09:00 AM
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12. Case ŻŻŻŻŻŻŻ _____________ Selection Guide ŻŻŻŻŻŻŻŻŻŻŻŻŻ There are several factors in selecting a HTPC case: form factor, ventilation, noise control, functionality and appearance. But it is not easy to recommend a HTPC case based on these criteria partly because there are not enough review articles on each case and partly because everybody has his or her own requirements of functions and appearance. So I just list several HTPC cases by well-known manufacturers for your reference. I did not include tower cases (simply because there are too many ones), cases currently not available in US, and slim cases that do not accept full-height PCIe/PCI cards or an ATX PSU. Personally I would choose:
List ŻŻŻ Conventions
3R SYSTEM
A-Tech Fabrication
3R SYSTEM
Moneual Lab
Ahanix
3R SYSTEM
3R SYSTEM
Antec
Apex
References
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11-18-07, 09:01 AM
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13. Input Devices ŻŻŻŻŻŻŻŻŻŻŻŻŻŻ _____________ Remote Control ŻŻŻŻŻŻŻŻŻŻŻŻŻ For Media Center PC with Windows (Only)
A universal remote control works with various devices including a HTPC (that must have an IR receiver). Only consumer products are included here. Professional products need to be programmed and installed by experienced custom installation professionals. Two major manufacturers of professional remotes are Universal Remote Control and RTI.
Keyboard + Mouse Combo ŻŻŻŻŻŻŻŻŻŻŻŻŻŻŻŻŻŻŻŻŻŻ
________ Keyboard ŻŻŻŻŻŻŻŻ
Last edited by renethx; 09-25-08 at 05:42 PM.. |
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